NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 3 – Nazism and the Rise of Hitler (Social Science), contains solutions to various questions in Exercise for Chapter 3. At the end of the Solutions, all the keywords which are important to understand Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Class 9 History, have been explained in a simple and easy to understand manner. NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science help to check the concept you have learnt from detailed classroom sessions and application of your knowledge.
| Category | NCERT Solutions for Class 9 |
| Subject | History (Social Science) |
| Chapter | Chapter 3 – Nazism and the Rise of Hitler |
Download NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 3 – Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 3 – Nazism and the Rise of Hitler – NCERT Exercises
Ques.1: Describe the problems faced by the Weimar Republic.
Ans.1: After the First World War ended, Germany was defeated by the Central powers in 1918. After the defeat of Imperial Germany, it gave way to the parliamentary parties to set us a federal government. The German parliament, Reichstag was elected on the basis of equal and universal votes casted by all adults, including women.
However, the people of Germany were not able to come to terms with the actions of the Weimar Republic, this resulted in the war. The varying problems that the Weimer Republic faced were as follows:
- The Peace Treaty was signed at Versailles by the Weimar Republic, on being forced by the Allies, blaming Germany for the First World War. This greatly annoyed the population of Germany.
- All the overseas colonies of Germany were lost, along with one-tenth of its population and 13% of its territory.
- 26% of its coal reserves and 75% of its iron reserves were lost to Poland, Denmark, France, and Lithuania.
- Germany was demilitarised by the Allied Powers to weaken the supremacy of Germany.
- Germany was held responsible for the war and damages caused to the Allied Powers through the War Guilt Clause.
- A compensation of £6 billion was imposed on Germany.
- The resource-rich region of Rhineland was also occupied by the Allied Powers.
The Weimar Republic was hence held responsible for the humiliation and disgrace of Germany by its citizens.
Ques.2: Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930.
Ans.2: Germany had lost the First World War and the signing of the Peace Treaty at Versailles had drained it of all its resources leaving a huge impact on the nation’s population as well as the economy. The social, economic, and political conditions in Germany were restituted. An amalgamation of these led to the popularity and eventual rise of Nazism in Germany by the 1930s. Hitler was the most prominent leader who led Nazism to great heights. Following are few reasons to showcase as to why Nazism gained its popularity in Germany.
- The signing of the Versailles Treaty had infuriated the citizens and damaged the reputation of Germany.
- The economy had been severely hit by the Great Depression of 1929, and the Weimar Republic failed critically to recover the losses. The political situation of the country was also in a tussle as communists and socialists were fighting amongst each other.
- The infuriated Hitler, who was a fighter in the First World War went on to become the most prominent leader and gradually led Nazism to power. During the First World War, Hitler was active in the army and he earned many medals for his bravery. He joined the German Workers’ Party in 1919. Taking over the organisation subsequently, he renamed it as National Socialist German Workers’ Party, which later came to be known as the Nazi Party.
- His initial attempts to gain power failed. However, during the time of the Great Depression, Nazis were largely successful in gaining the support of the middle classes as they were the worst affected by the economic crisis. A large proportion of workers lost jobs and the middle class found themselves miserable. By 1932, the Nazis were popular and became the largest party by gaining 37% votes.
- Hitler understood the importance of mass mobilisation and used it as a weapon to influence masses. Rallies and public meetings were organised on a large scale.
- Hitler’s promises to recover the reputation of Germany and restore the economy made people follow him. His promise to make Germany strong, undo the damage done by the Versailles Treaty and raise employment opportunities made people believe his cause. His devotion to work against international conspiracies against Germany gave people hope. Hitler’s propaganda soon began portraying him as a messiah, the saviour of the German public.
Ques.3: What are the peculiar features of Nazi thinking?
Ans.3: The Nazi ideology was completely based on the worldview of Hitler. His personal beliefs and ideas were clearly reflected through it. The peculiar features of the Nazi ideology were:
a) Hitler and the Nazi ideology firmly believed that no equality exists among people. What exists is the racial hierarchy. Blond, blue-eyes, and as a result they considered the Nordic German Aryans to be at the top of this hierarchy.
b) The Jews were considered to be at the lowest in this hierarchy. The rest of the coloured people were arranged in between these two categories, depending on their external features.
c) The Nazi ideology also firmly believed in the concept of survival of the fittest, proposed by Herbert Spencer, which was added to the theory of evolution by Charles Darwin. The concept stated that only the strong races would survive, and the weaker ones would become extinct.
d) Another major feature was the belief of the ‘purity of race’. Hitler firmly considered the Aryans to be the finest and most superior race.
e) He believed in the geopolitical concept of Lebensraum, the living space. He also believed that acquiring new territories was crucial for settlements. This would work two ways: i.e. firstly to increase the area of the mother nation, and finally to enhance the power and resources of Germany.
Ques.4: Explain why Nazi propaganda was effective in creating a hatred for Jews.
Ans.4: Hitler utilised media and propaganda to its most to popularise the concept of Nazism and hatred for Jews among the masses.
- The propaganda was used in a way where no direct use of words like killing or murder was done. For example, mass killings were termed as special treatments, euthanasia for the disabled, and the final solution for the Jews.
- Being deported to gas chambers was called as ‘evacuation’.
- Films, radio, posters, slogans, etc. were actively used to promote Nazi ideology.
- In such media, the Jews were portrayed stereotypically. A Jew in a film would be shown having a long beard and wearing a kaftan, as opposed to the reality where they were barely distinguishable from the Aryans.
- The Eternal Jew is one such example of a propaganda film.
- Jews were reduced to just mere living beings and being called vermin and pests.
The use of propaganda enabled the Nazis to channelise the hatred of the population against the Jews.
Ques.5: Explain what role women had in Nazi society. Return to Chapter 1 on the French Revolution. Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the role of women in the two periods.
Ans.5: Women in Nazi Germany were reduced to the role of being just housewives. They did not have the right to vote under the Nazis. The girls, from their very childhood, were taught how to be good mothers and give birth to pure-blooded Aryan children. They were termed as the bearers of the Aryan culture. Any contact with an ‘undesirable’ was prohibited, and all they were taught, was to make home, raise children, and teach them Nazi ideology. However, not all women were treated equally. Only those who bore racially desirable children were respected. They were given favourable treatment and were provided concessions. Honour Crosses were awarded to women to encourage them to produce children.
On the other hand, women in French society were treated with much more respect and dignity. In the beginning, women in France also had to face restrictions. However, slowly after, women began forming their own clubs to discuss the issues facing them and to raise their voice against the injustice being done to them several laws were passed in favour of them. Schooling was made compulsory for girls and their fathers could no longer force them to marry. Women were granted the right to divorce their husbands. They could finally train themselves for jobs and run businesses and unlike Nazis the differential treatment and discrimination against them was no longer present.
Ques.6: In what ways did the Nazi state seek to establish total control over its people?
Ans.6: In 1933, January, Hitler was offered Chancellorship by President Hindenburg. After his appointment, a mysterious fire broke out in the German Parliament, which came to be known as the Fire Decree of 28 February 1933. Taking advantage of the situation, Hitler sent the Communists to the concentration camps where they were repressed. The events that followed gave Hitler full control over the German nation.
- The Enabling Act was passed on 3 March 1933, leading to the establishment of dictatorship in Germany.
- Now all the powers were vested in him, giving him the power to dismiss the Parliament, and rule according to his own will.
- All other political parties and trade unions were banned, and the state took control of the economy, judiciary, media, and army.
- Other police groups like Gestapo (secret state police), the SS (the protection squads), criminal police, and the Security Service (SD) were set up. These could control the society the way Nazis wanted, and give them absolute control over the society.
- Another way the Nazis established control over the population was by setting up organisations where young boys could be enrolled and could be taught Nazi ideology in every possible manner.
- Organisations like Hitler Youth and Jungvolk were set up to cultivate hatred against the Jews and them as ‘undesirables’ in the minds of children of the Aryan race..
The above mentioned ways helped the Nazi state to establish total control over its people.
Topics Covered in Chapter 3 – Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Class 9 History (Social Science)
1. Birth of the Weimar Republic
1.1 The Effects of the War
1.2 Political Radicalism and Economic Crises
1.3 The Years of Depression
2. Hitler’s Rise to Power
2.1 The Destruction of Democracy
2.2 Reconstruction
3. The Nazi Worldview
3.1 Establishment of the Racial State
3.2 The Racial Utopia
4. Youth in Nazi Germany
4.1 The Nazi Cult of Motherhood
4.2 The Art of Propaganda
5. Ordinary People and the Crimes Against Humanity
5.1 Knowledge about the Holocaust
Important Terms Relevant for NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 3 – Nazism and the Rise of Hitler :
Allies: Generally referred to other countries or parties who were part of the same thing. Here in this chapter it refers to the parties in the World War. Initially, led by the UK and France , and later joined by the UK and USSR.
Genocidal: Large scale killing of people belonging to the same community, race, religion, etc. who ae usually considered as inferior.
Deplete: To reduce in amount, like depleting resources.
Reparation: To make up for something that is wrongly done.
Wall Street Exchange: The stock exchange of the USA. It is the world’s largest stock exchange market.
Proletarianisation: Level of being impoverished matching to that of the working class.
Propaganda: A way of appealing to the masses by using persuasive techniques in media, like posters, movies, etc.
Concentration camp: A camp set up by Nazis where the prisoners were isolated and detained, without any laws.
Nordic German Aryans: A branch of Aryans that lived in north European countries, with German or related origin.
Gypsy: They had their own community identity. Most of them traced their origin to India.
Pauperised: to be reduced to absolute poverty.
Persecution: Punishment to the people of a religion or community. It is generally systematic.
Usurers: These were the moneylenders who charged excessive interest.
Jungvolk: All the children below 14 years of age were admitted to these Nazi Youths Groups.
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History (Social Science)
- Chapter 1 – The French Revolution
- Chapter 2 – Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
- Chapter 3 – Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
- Chapter 4 – Forest Society and Colonialism
- Chapter 5 – Pastoralists in the Modern World