Profitability Ratios

Profitability Ratios

Profitability Ratios are also known as income ratio. The objective of every organisation is to earn profit and hence the organisations would definitely want to keep a track on various aspects of profit like operating profit, net profit etc. Therefore, they prepare and compute the profitability ratios.

The different types of profitability ratios are:

  1. Gross Profit Ratio
  2. Operating Ratio
  3. Net Profit Ratio
  4. Operating Profit Ratio
  5. Earning Per Share

Gross Profit Ratio

This ratio establishes a relationship between Gross profit and revenue from Operations i.e. Net Sales.

Gross Profit = Revenue from Operations – Cost of Revenue from Operations

Cost of Revenue from Operations = Opening Inventory + Purchases + Carriage Inward + Wages + Other Direct Charges – Closing Inventory

Operating Ratio

This ratio compares an enterprise’s cost of revenue from operations and operating expenses to its revenue from operations.

Cost of Revenue from Operations = Opening Inventory + Purchases + Carriage Inward + Wages + Other Direct Charges – Closing Inventory

Operating Expenses = Employee Benefit Expense + Depreciation Expense + Other Expense

 

Net Profit Ratio

This ratio establishes a relationship between Net profit and revenue from Operations i.e. Net Sales.

Operating Profit Ratio

Operating Profit = Gross Profit – Other Operating Expenses + Other Operating Incomes

Earning Per Share

Earning per share helps in calculating the profitability of the company.

 

Calculation of Earning Per Share

Profitability Ratios – Questions 1 : –

On the basis of the following data calculate earning per share

 

Explanation : –

EBIT = 800000
Less: Interest on Debentures = 200000
EBT = 600000
Less: Tax = 150000
EAT = 450000
Less: Preference Dividend = 300000
Earnings for Equity Shareholders = 150000
Less: Retained Earnings = 75000
Dividend Paid = 75000

EPS = \cfrac{ Earnings \quad Available\quad for\quad Equity\quad Shareholders\quad \quad}{No.\quad of\quad Equity\quad shares\quad \quad}

EPS = \cfrac{ 150000}{300000}

EPS = 0.5 Per share

 

Gross Profit Ratio, Operating Ratio & Operating Profit Ratio

Profitability Ratios – Question 2 : –

The following information is given
If Revenue from Operations of XYZ Ltd is Rs. 1000000 Cost of Revenue from Operations is Rs. 450000 Selling Expense is Rs. 80000 Administrative Expenses is Rs. 60000
Calculate- Gross Profit Ratio ,Operating Ratio , Operating Profit Ratio

 

Explanation : –

Gross Profit Ratio = \cfrac{ Gross \quad Profit\quad \quad}{Revenue\quad from\quad Operations\quad \quad}x 100

Gross Profit Ratio = \cfrac{ 550000}{1000000}x 100

Gross Profit Ratio = 55 %

Operating Ratio = \cfrac{ Operating \quad Cost\quad \quad}{Net\quad Revenue\quad from\quad Operations\quad \quad \quad}x 100

Operating Ratio = \cfrac{ 590000}{1000000}x 100

Operating Ratio = 59 %
Operating Profit Ratio = 100 (-) Operating Ratio
Operating Profit Ratio = 100 (-) 59
Operating Profit Ratio = 41 %
Working Notes:
1. Gross Profit = Revenue from Operations (-) Cost of Revenue from Operations
1. Gross Profit = 1000000 (-) 450000
1. Gross Profit = 550000
2. Operating Cost = Cost of Revenue from Operations + Selling Expenses + Administrative Expenses
2. Operating Cost = 450000 + 80000 + 60000
2. Operating Cost = 590000

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