Compare the demographic indicators of India with China and Pakistan

Question – Compare the demographic indicators of India with China and Pakistan.

Answer – 

(1) Population size; China is the most populous country in the world with 134 crore population which is 19.4% of the total world population. India is the second most populated country with 121 crore which is about 17% of the total world population. population. The population of Pakistan is very small/ less i.e. about 17 crore which is 2.5% of the total world population and it accounts for roughly one-tenth of China or India.

Out of every six persons living in the world, one is an Indian and another Chinese.

(2) Growth rate of population:-In Spite of being the most populous country in the world, China’s population growth rate (0.47%) is lower than India (1.7%) and Pakistan (2.5%). The reason behind the lowest growth rate of population is the “One Child Policy” introduced by China in 1979. It has successfully reduced the rate of population growth from 1.33 % in 1979 to 0.64% in 2005 and further 0.47% in the recent past.

(3) Density of population: Density refers to the number of persons living per square kilometre of land area. Density of population in China is lowest (146) as compared to India (441) and Pakistan (245)

Reasons behind lowest population density:-

(a) China is the third-largest country and also largest among three with 95, 61,000 square kilometres area, followed by India with land area 32, 68,090 square kilometres and Pakistan is the smallest country with land area 8, 03,944 sq km.

(b)Lowest growth rate of population.

(4) Sex ratio:-Due to the preference of son, the sex ratio is low and biased against females in all three countries. The sex ratio is the lowest in China with 926 females per 1000 males and corresponding figures in India and Pakistan, are 940 and 943 females per male. It points to social backwardness and female foeticide is the principal cause of the low sex ratio.

(5) Fertility rate:-It is defined as several children borne by a woman in the reproductive age of 15-45 years on average. The fertility rate in Pakistan is highest with 5.1 in comparison to 3 in India and 1.8 in China. Due to introduction

(6) Urbanization: It is closely linked with structural transformation in the country and is a consequence of a shift of the workforce from the agriculture sector to the industry and service sector. Both Pakistan and China have relatively higher rates of urbanization as compared to India. In India, 30% of the population is urbanized compared with 47% in China and 36% in Pakistan

Related Questions

• Compare the demographic indicators of India with China and Pakistan.
• The economies of China, India and Pakistan differ in terms of sectoral growth. Comment.
• Compare India and China on the basis of: (i) People below Poverty Line: (ii) Growth Rate of Population; and (iii) Growth rate of Gross Domestic Product.
• Briefly discuss the sectoral contribution to the GDP of India, Pakistan and China.
• Among the three sectors of the economy, which sector became the driving force for achieving a higher growth rate in India and China?